Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan: Political System
Uzbekistan is a sovereign republic with a presidential system. At the head of
the state is the president, who is elected directly by the people every five
years and who is also the commander in chief of the armed forces. You can be
re-elected as often as you like. Parliament has been a bicameral system since
2004. It is elected by the people every five years and has 250 members.

Uzbekistan is divided into eleven regions and the Karakalpak Autonomous
Republic.
According to Digopaul.com,
the official name of the country is:
Özbekistan Respublikasy
Republic of Uzbekistan |
National anthem
The national anthem of Uzbekistan was given to the country by the government
in Moscow during the Soviet era. It was written by Abdulla Aripov and set to
music by Mutal Burhanov. It became the country's official anthem in 1992 after
Uzbekistan gained independence.
Original text
Serquyash, hur olkam, elga bakht najat Sen ozing dostlarin yoldash,
mehriban!
Yashnagay ta abad ilmu fan, ijad,
Shukhrating parlasin taki bar jahn!REFRAIN:
Altin bu vadiylar - jan Ozbekistan,
Ajdadlar mardana Ruhi senga yar!
Ulugh khalq qudrati josh urgan zaman,
Alamni mahliya aylagan diyar!Baghri keng ozbekning ochmas iymani.
Erkin, yash avladlar senga zor qanat!
Istiqlal mash 'ali, tinchlik pasbani,
Khaqsevar ana yurt, mangu bol abad! Serquyash, hur olkam, elga bakht
najat
Sen ozing dostlarin yoldash, mehriban!
Yashnagay ta abad ilmu fan, ijad,
Shukhrating parlasin taki bar jahn!
REFRAIN:
Baghri keng ozbekning ochmas iymani.
Erkin, yash avladlar senga zor qanat!
Istiqlal mash 'ali, tinchlik pasbani,
Khaqsevar ana yurt, mangu bol abad!
REFRAIN |
In the English translation
Stand tall, my free country, good fortune and salvation to you,
You yourself a companion to friends, Oh! Loving one!
Flourish, Oh! Creator of eternal knowledge and science,
May your fame for ever shine bright!REFRAIN:
These valleys are golden - my dear Uzbekistan,
Our forefathers' manly spirits your companion!
Strenght of great people in turbulent times
Made this land the world's joy!Oh! Generous Uzbek, your faith will not
fade,
Free, young generations are your mighty wings!
The torch of independence, guardians of peace,
Oh! Worthy motherland, flourish and prosper eternally! REFRAIN:
These valleys are golden - my dear Uzbekistan,
Our forefathers' manly spirits your companion!
Strenght of great people in turbulent times
Made this land the world's joy! |
National flag
The national flag (country flag) of Uzbekists was introduced on November 18,
1991. Based on flag descriptions by
Countryaah.com, the colors of the flag are interpreted as follows:
- Blue stands for the sky.
- White symbolizes justice as well as the country's cotton monocultures
- Green stands for the hospitality of the population
- The thin red stripes symbolize the strength of the population
- The crescent refers to the Islam of the predominantly Muslim country
- The twelve small white stars stand for the twelve provinces of Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan: Known People
Architects and builders
Abdulla Babachanovic (1910-1989)
Abdulla Babachanovi was born on November 8, 1910 in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan. From
1924 he was in Tashkent, where he also worked as an architect. He died in
Tashkent in 1989.
Manolo Nunez-Yanowski (born 1942)
Manolo Nunez-Yanowski was born on July 22, 1942 in Samarkand, the son of a
Russian-Spanish republican who was imprisoned in Russian camps for 7 years. He
is a Spanish architect and postmodern artist who went to Spain in 1956.
Politicians and rulers
Abdulla Aripov (born 1961)
Abdulla Aripov was born on May 24, 1961 in Tashkent. The Liberal Democratic
Party politician and father of five children has been the country's prime
minister since December 2016.
Babur (1483-1530)
Zahir ad-Din Muhammad Babur was born on February 14, 1483 in Andijon in the
kingdom of Timur in what is now Uzbekistan. He was the first Indian Grand Mughal
who, with the conquest of the Sultanate of Delhi in 1526, founded the Mughal
Empire on the Indian subcontinent that existed until 1858. He died December 26,
1530 in Agra in what is now India
Islom Karimov (1938-2016)
Islom Karimov was born on January 30, 1938 in Samarkant in what is now the
Republic of Uzbekistan. From 1991 until his death he was President of Uzbekistan
and Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan.
He died on September 2, 2016 of complications from a stroke. He found his final
resting place on September 3rd in Samarkand.
Habibullah Khan (1872-1919)
Habibullah Khan was born in Tashkent on July 3, 1872. He served as the 15th emir
of Afghanistan from October 3, 1901 to February 20, 1919. He was relatively
cosmopolitan and a reformist ruler who had tried to modernize his
country. Habibullah Khan was murdered on February 20, 1919 by opponents of his
policy in Kalagosh in the Laghman province of Afghanistan.
Islomovna Karimova (born 1972)
Gulnora Islomovna Karimova was born on July 8, 1972 in Fergana in what is now
Uzbekistan. She is a politician, diplomat and entrepreneur. She is the founder
and chairwoman of the trust council of the foundation “Forum of Culture and Art
of Uzbekistan and some NGOs that are active in the cultural and social field.
She is the daughter of the former President Islom Karimov (1938-2016).
Shavkat Mirziyoyev (born 1957)
Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev has been President of Uzbekistan since December
14, 2016.
He was born on July 24, 1957 near Zomin in what is now Uzbekistan. After
graduating from high school, he studied mechanical engineering in Tashkent. From
1974 until the end of the Soviet Union had worked in agricultural irrigation
technology. In the newly established Republic of Uzbekistan, he was in charge of
the administration of the Jizzax Province and from 2001 to 2003 that of the
Samarqand Province. From 1999 to 2004 he had a seat in Oliy Majlis, the Uzbek
parliament. During this time he was elected head of government in 2003. After
the death of President Karimov, Mirziyoyev was elected provisional head of state
on September 8, 2016 at a joint session of the two Uzbek parliamentary chambers.
He won the subsequent election on December 4 of the same year with 88.6% of the
votes cast.
Jadgar Sadykowna Nasriddinowa (1920-2006)
Jadgar Sadykowna Nasriddinowa was born on December 26, 1920 in Kokand. In 1942
she became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and in
October 1950 she was appointed Second Secretary of the Communist Party in
Tashkent. In May 1955 she became Minister for the Building Materials Industry of
the Soviet Republic of Uzbekistan and in February 1955 Deputy Chairwoman of the
Council of Ministers. In addition, was from 1956 to 1976 a member of the Central
Committee (ZK) of the CPSU.
From March 24, 1959 to September 25, 1970, she served as chairwoman of the
Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR and was thus President of the Soviet Republic of
Uzbekistan. After that, from July 1970 to 1974, she was the first woman chairman
of the Nationalities Soviet, the representation of the Union Republics in the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After resigning from this office, she was appointed
1st Deputy Minister for Building Materials Industry of the USSR in 1974. She had
retired in 1978. She died on April 7, 2006 in Moscow.
Sharaf Rashidow (1917-1983)
Sharaf Rashidow was a politician, writer and poet. He was born on November 6,
1917 in Djisak. From 1944 to 1947 he was appointed secretary for cadre affairs
at the Samarkand Area Committee. From 1947 to 1949 he was editor-in-chief of the
newspaper "Ksyel Uzbekistan". From 1950 to 1959 Chairman of the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic. In the same year he was
elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of
Uzbekistan. So he was practically head of government in the Soviet Republic of
Uzbekistan.
He had made a further career when he became a full member of the Central
Committee of the CPSU in 1961 and a candidate member of the Presidium of the
Central Committee of the CPSU in 1961, and in 1970 he even received a seat in
the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In addition to politics, he had
written books without a political background - for example about life in the
country. He had been awarded the Order of Lenin ten times and became Hero of the
Soviet Union in 1977. After a corruption scandal in the cotton industry, he died
unexpectedly on October 31, 1983 in Tashkent.
Amir Timur (1336 - 1405)
Temür ibn Taraghai Barlas - known in Europe as Timur - was born on April 8, 1336
in Kesch in what is now Uzbekistan. He was an Islamic Central Asian ruler and
conqueror. He had sought the restoration of the Mongol Empire under his
leadership. As an emir, he founded the Timurid dynasty, which at the zenith of
its power ruled large parts of the Middle East and Central Asia.
Timur was extremely brutal, but at the same time he had promoted art and
literature. He died on a campaign against the Chinese Empire of the Ming Dynasty
on February 19, 1405 in Schymkent in what is now Kazakhstan as a result of
excessive alcohol. His final resting place was in the Gur-e Amir mausoleum in
Samarkand. The mausoleum was built by his grandson Muḥammad Sultān Mirzā in
1403/1404 and is considered to be one of the most important preserved
architectural monuments from this period
Inamschon Usmanchodschajew (1930-2017)
Inamschon Busrukowitsch Usmanchodschajew was born on May 21, 1930 in Fergana,
Uzbek SSR was a Soviet or Uzbek politician and from 1983 to 1988 first secretary
of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan. died on March
17th, 2017 in his hometown Fergana.
Fayzulla Xoʻjayev (1896-1938)
Fayzulla Xoʻjayev was born in Bukhara in 1896. Xo'jayev was appointed leader of
the People's Republic of Bukhara and took part in 1923 as a member of the
People's Republic of Bukhara on the XII. KPR party conference in Moscow. After
the reorganization of Central Asia, Xo'jayev became chairman of the Council of
People's Commissars of the Uzbek SSR and finally also chairman of the Central
Executive Committee of the USSR. But after criticizing the leadership style of
Josef Stalin and the cotton monocultures, he was ousted on June 17, 1937. He was
then tried in Moscow as a “right-wing Trotskyist”. He was then executed in
Moscow on March 13, 1938.
Writer, poet, musician
Aibek (
1905-1968) Aibek was the pseudonym of the Uzbek writer Musa Tashmuhammedov. He
was born in Tashkent in 1905. His first work was “Feeling” from 1926, the second
“Flutes of Heart” from 1929 and the third “Torch” from 1932. He died in 1968 in
his hometown of Tashkent.
Mutal Burhanov (1916 - 2002)
Mutal Burhanov was born on April 22, 1916 in Bukara. He is the composer of the
Uzbek national anthem.
He died on June 15, 2002
Yefim Bronfman (born 1958)
Yefim Bronfman was born on April 10, 1958 in Tashkent in what is now Uzbekistan,
trained as a pianist and played Sergei Rachmaninov's first piano concerto at the
age of twelve. At the age of 14 he had emigrated with his parents to Israel,
where he had studied music, he continued his studies in the USA. He made his
first international appearance in 1975 with the Montreal Symphony Orchestra. He
is one of the most famous pianists in the world.
Alischer Nawoi (1441 - 1501)
Mir ʿAli Schir Nawāʾi was born on February 9, 1441 in Herat in what is now
Afghanistan. In Uzbekistan he was and is in part still revered almost like a
folk hero for his poetry. But he also worked as a Turkish politician and builder
at the court of the Timurids in Herat. Nawai died on January 3, 1501 in his
hometown of Herat.
Mstislaw Leopoldowitsch Rostropowitsch (1927-2007)
Mstislaw Leopoldowitsch Rostropowitsch was born on March 27, 1927 in Baku. Ewar
is a Russian cellist, conductor, pianist, composer and humanist. He was
considered one of the most important cellists of his time.
He died on April 27, 2007 in Moscow.
Athlete
Jamolidin Abduschaparov (born 1964) Jamolidin
Mirgarifanowitsch Abduschaparow was born on February 28, 1964 in Tashkent in
what is now Uzbekistan. In the 1980s and 1990s, he was considered one of the
best sprinters in road cycling.
Grigorjan (born 1967)
Artur Razmikovich Grigoryan was born on October 20, 1967 in Tashkent in what is
now Uzbekistan. Out of 38 fights he had won 37 and he was world champion in
boxing 15 times.
Iroda Tulyaganova (born 1982)
Iroda Tulyaganova - Iroda Toʻlaganova - was born on January 7, 1982 in Tashkent.
She had started tennis at the age of nine.. As of 1996, she had played 45 games
for the Ukraine Fed Cup team, of which she won 25. In 1999 she won at the junior
Wimbledon Championships in singles and the US Open in double
your best world ranking position it reached in 2002 with the squares 16 in
singles and 28 in doubles
Denis Istomin (born 1986)
Denis Olegowitsch Istomin was born on September 7, 1986 in Orenburg in the Volga
Federal District in the Soviet Union. At the age of three months he went to
Tashkent with his Uzbek father and Russian mother, where he grew up with a
brother. Here he had started playing tennis at the age of five. Not least
because his mother worked as a tennis trainer. In 2005 he became a member of the
Davis Cup team of Uzbekistan.
Rustam Kasimdschanow (born 1979)
Rustam Kasimjanov was born on December 5, 1979 in Tashkent. He is a chess
grandmaster who was world champion in 2004 and 2005. He moved to Solingen in
1999 and then to Ruppichterode near Siegburg in North Rhine-Westphalia, where he
lives with his wife and two children.
Lina Cheryasova
Lina Cheryazova - Lina Cheryasova was born on November 1st,
1968 in Tashkent. The former freestyle skier won a gold medal in the aerials
(jumping) discipline at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer - it was the
first Olympic medal in the history of Uzbekistan - she also became world
champion in 1993 in Altenmarkt im Pongau in the state of Salzburg.
Doctors, Scientists
Al-Chwarizmi (780-850)
Al-Chwarizmi was born in Khorezmia in what is now Uzbekistan in 780. He was an
eminent Persian-Muslim scholar, mathematician, and astronomer. He had developed
important fundamentals of algebra, thus making the zero and the decimal system
known in Arabia from India. He had also solved linear and quadratic
equations. His book of arithmetic led to the term algorithm
Avicenna (980-1037)
Abu Ali al-Husain ibn Sina-e Balkhi (lat. Avicenna) was a doctor, pysicist and
philosopher, one of the most important scientists and philosophers of his
time. His medical knowledge was also taught in Europe until the 17th century. He
was born in Afshana near Bukhara, which at that time belonged to the Persian
Empire. Today the region belongs to Uzbekistan. Avicenna (980-1037) Avicenna was
born according to the Julian calendar on August 22, 980 in Afshana near Bukhara
in what is now Uzbekistan. Already during his lifetime he was a legendary doctor
and scholar who led oriental medicine to the height of its heyday and, with his
main work "Canon of Medicine" from around 1030, was also considered a medical
authority in Europe for many centuries. He died on June 21, 1037 in Hamadan in
what is now Iran.
Abu al-Raihân Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Bîrûnî (973-1048)
Abu r-Raihan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni was born on September 4th, 973 in
Kath near present-day Khiva in Uzbekistan. From 305 to 995, Kath was the capital
and residence of the Khorezm Shahs from the Afrighid dynasty. He was a very
important polymath. In the city of Kath - together with Abu'l-Wafa (927-998) in
Baghdad - he had observed the lunar eclipse of May 24, 997.
By comparing the noted entry times of the moon in the earth's shadow, they
were able to determine the difference between the geographic longitudes of Kath
and Baghdad. Abu'l-Wafa had constructed a more than 6 m long quadrant and an 18
m long stone sextant in Baghdad. This enabled Abu l-Wafa to determine the
inclination of the earth's axis (ecliptic), the length of the seasons and the
longitude of Baghdad.
In 1023, al-Biruni had determined the radius of the earth to be 6,339.6 km
with the help of a measuring method he had invented - the exact value at the
equator is around 6,378 km. He also invented a pycnometer to determine specific
gravity. He died on December 9, 1048 in Ghazna in what is now Afghanistan. It
should be remembered that for many centuries the Christian occident assumed that
the earth was flat. Anyone who violated this view had to expect the stake.
Ulugh Beg
Ulugh Beg was born on March 22, 1394 as the son of Shah Ruchs (1377-1449) in
Soltanije in today's Iran. The Shah Ruch had prevailed in the succession
battles in 1407 and made Herat the capital in 1409. In order not to give up
Samarkand, however, his son was installed as its governor at the age of 15.
He was a great mathematician and astronomer. From him came the Ulug Begs
observatory, later named after him, which was destroyed and buried after his
disempowerment.
It was only discovered and excavated by Russian archaeologists in
1908. However, Ulugh Beg had made numerous enemies during his reign, which had
led to his son Abd al-Latif (murdered 1450) having him deposed. In the following
Battle of Samarkand he was defeated and then forcibly sent on a pilgrimage. On
this trip he was arrested and then executed on October 27, 1449 in
Samarkand. The following statement ascribed to him is undoubtedly valid to this
day: "The religions disperse like fog, the tsarist empires destroy themselves,
but the work of the scholar remains forever. The pursuit of knowledge is the
duty of everyone!"
Others
Alischer Burchanowitsch Usmanow (born 1953)
Alischer Burchanowitsch Usmanow was born on September 9, 1953 in Tschust in what
is now Uzbekistan. Usmanov is general director of Gazprom subsidiary
Gazprominvestholding, co-owner of Metalloinvest and owner of the Russian
publishing house Kommersant, which publishes the business newspaper Kommersant
(as of 2019). According to the Forbes 2015 list, his net worth was approximately
$ 14.5 billion. For art lovers it should be mentioned that in September 2007 he
bought the art collection of the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich (1927-2007) and
his wife Galina Vishnevskaya at Sotheby's in London for around 100 million
dollars.
Uzbekistan: animals
Mammals
Uzbekistan's 40 mammal species include brown bears, badgers, foxes, karakul
sheep, goitered gazelles, lynx, Menzibira marmots, red deer, saigan antelopes,
Siberian ibex, as well as porcupines, white-clawed bears, wild boars and
wolves. Even the rare snow leopards are native to the western foothills of the
Tianshan.
Birds
More than 400 bird species are found in Uzbekistan, including eagles,
falcons, flying dolphins, thrushes, vultures, wooden pigeons, collar busters,
partridges, black storks, starlings, Turkestan owls, Turkestan starlings,
lovebirds, field thrushes and the juniper grosbeak.
Reptiles
About 60 different species of reptiles live in Uzbekistan. The linked animals
are shown in detail at Goruma:
Desert monitors
Lizards
Gekkos
The Gekkos belong to the genus Gekkos in the family of geckos (Gekkonidae),
there are currently 58 different species. Depending on the species, the animals
reach a head-trunk length between 5 to 19 cm, whereby their tail can be the same
length or even longer.
Halysotter (Gloydius halis caraganus)
Adder (Vipera berus)
Levant Otter (Macroektivena lebetina)
Central Asian Cobra (Naja oxiana)
Grass snake (Natrix natrix)
Common sand-rattle otter (Echis carinatus)
Dice snake (Natrix tessellata)
Uzbekistan: plants
Since around 80% of the country are deserts and steppes, the local flora and
fauna have adapted accordingly. About 2% of the country is under nature
protection. Due to the steppe and desert landscape, over 3,000 different types
of grass grow in Uzbekistan, but also about 80 types of trees, although less
than 5% of the country is forested, Carnations, rose root, saffron, rowan
berries, fireweed, wild roses. Tulips, mountain almonds, Crimean pines, as well
as wild apples and pears grow here.
cotton
Cotton cultivation in Uzbekistan began in Lenin's time. Later, in the course
of 1938, large irrigation canals from the Aral Sea were built here, and after
the country became the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1942, Uzbekists became
the main cotton center of the entire Soviet Union. Even today, cotton plays an
important role in the country's economy. There are cotton wells, cotton symbols
on the houses and the white stripe in the national flag of the country is
interpreted as a symbol for cotton. In addition to silk, sisal, flax and some
other parts of plants, cotton, along with wool and plastics, plays a major role
on the world market.
In Uzbekistan, the flowers of the cotton plant are still mostly picked by hand,
then cleaned, spun and woven into fabric. However, felt, for example, is not
spun but pressed. Cotton belongs to the mallow family, of which there are around
50 different types. A bad consequence of cotton cultivation is the partial
drying up of the Aral Sea and the salinisation of the remains of the lake, the
water of which was used to irrigate the cotton fields.
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